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A case study on “Gastrointestinal Physiology and Nutrient Absorption” would delve into the complexities of the digestive system’s role in nutrient breakdown, absorption, and assimilation. Such a study would examine the function of various gastrointestinal organs, enzymes, and transport mechanisms in facilitating optimal nutrient absorption, as well as challenges in cases of gastrointestinal disorders.

Physiology of Nutrient Breakdown and Absorption

The muscular system enables movement of the body and maintenance of posture through muscle contraction. Physiology of muscles examines how muscle fibers work, including the molecular mechanisms of contraction and relaxation. The muscular system enables movement of the body and maintenance of posture how muscle fibers work, including the molecular mechanisms of contraction and relaxation.

Initial breakdown of carbohydrates by salivary enzymes and proteins by gastric acid.

Key site for nutrient breakdown and absorption, where pancreatic enzymes and bile play a major role.

Enzyme activity (e.g., amylase, lactase) for monosaccharide absorption.

Blood tests to measure nutrient levels (e.g., vitamins, iron, electrolytes) and detect deficiencies.

Stool tests to evaluate fat malabsorption (e.g., fecal fat test), microbiota balance, and markers of inflammation (e.g., calprotectin).

Pepsin and pancreatic proteases breaking proteins into amino acids for absorption.

Bile salts emulsify fats for digestion by lipase enzymes, forming micelles for absorption.

Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy to assess the GI mucosa for signs of damage, inflammation, or lesions.

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